What sign convention should I use?

Use cash flow convention: money you receive is positive, money you pay out is negative. For a loan: PV is positive (you receive it), PMT is negative (you pay it), FV is 0 or negative.

Is the rate per period or annual?

The rate field is per period. For a monthly calculation, enter the monthly rate (annual rate / 12). For annual calculations, enter the annual rate directly.

What is the difference between end and beginning payments?

End of period (ordinary annuity) means payments occur at the end of each period — typical for loans and mortgages. Beginning of period (annuity due) means payments occur at the start — common for leases and rent.

Why does solving for rate take longer?

Rate cannot be solved with a direct formula. The calculator uses Newton's method, an iterative approximation that converges to the answer. It typically solves in under 100 iterations.

Can this calculate mortgage payments?

Yes. Enter PV = loan amount, FV = 0, Rate = monthly rate (annual%/12), Nper = months, leave PMT blank and solve. The result is your monthly payment (negative = payment made).

Finance

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TVM Calculator - Time Value of Money Formulas Online

Time value of money solver. Enter any 4 of 5 variables (PV, FV, Rate, Nper, PMT) and solve for the missing one. Supports begin/end payment timing.

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How to use this calculator

👉 Fill in the boxes below and your answer appears instantly — no maths needed, we do it all for you! 🎉

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In plain English — what does this do?

📏 Some countries say ‘30 degrees’ and others say ‘86 degrees’ for the same weather! Some say ‘5 km’, others say ‘3 miles’. This tool swaps between them instantly so you always know what it means.

📌 Direct Answer & Summary

The Time Value of Money (TVM) calculator solves for any one of five financial variables: Present Value (PV), Future Value (FV), Interest Rate per period, Number of periods (Nper), and Payment (PMT). Leave exactly one field blank and the calculator solves for it.

Leave exactly one field blank to solve for it.

Present Value (PV)

Future Value (FV)

Rate per Period (%)

Number of Periods (Nper)

Payment per Period (PMT)

Payment Timing

What is TVM Calculator - Time Value of Money Formulas Online?

How to use it

1️⃣ Enter values for any 4 of the 5 fields: PV, FV, Rate (per period %), Nper, and PMT.
2️⃣ Leave the field you want to solve for completely blank.
3️⃣ Select payment timing: End of period (ordinary annuity) or Beginning of period (annuity due).
4️⃣ Click Solve to calculate the missing value.
5️⃣ Note: PV and FV typically have opposite signs in cash flow convention (inflow positive, outflow negative).

Formula

FV = PV×(1+r)^n + PMT×((1+r)^n − 1)/r × (1 + r×type). Rate is solved iteratively using Newton's method. Type = 0 for end of period, 1 for beginning.

💡 See it in action — a real example

Monthly payment on a $20,000 loan at 6% annual (0.5%/month) over 48 months: PV=20000, FV=0, Rate=0.5, Nper=48, solve PMT → PMT = −$469.70.

❓ Common questions

What sign convention should I use?: Use cash flow convention: money you receive is positive, money you pay out is negative. For a loan: PV is positive (you receive it), PMT is negative (you pay it), FV is 0 or negative.
Is the rate per period or annual?: The rate field is per period. For a monthly calculation, enter the monthly rate (annual rate / 12). For annual calculations, enter the annual rate directly.
What is the difference between end and beginning payments?: End of period (ordinary annuity) means payments occur at the end of each period — typical for loans and mortgages. Beginning of period (annuity due) means payments occur at the start — common for leases and rent.
Why does solving for rate take longer?: Rate cannot be solved with a direct formula. The calculator uses Newton's method, an iterative approximation that converges to the answer. It typically solves in under 100 iterations.
Can this calculate mortgage payments?: Yes. Enter PV = loan amount, FV = 0, Rate = monthly rate (annual%/12), Nper = months, leave PMT blank and solve. The result is your monthly payment (negative = payment made).

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